Tolstoy's Family Happiness

They only knew enough math to be blinded by it. Tragically, before the proliferation of empirically blind idiot savants, interesting work had been begun by true thinkers, the likes of J. M. Keynes, Friedrich Hayek, and the great Benoц®t Mandelbrot, all of whom were displaced because they moved economics away from the precision of second-rate physics. Very sad. One great underestimated thinker is G.L.S. Shackle, now almost completely obscure, who introduced the notion of БЂњunknowledge,БЂ«that is, the unread books in Umberto EcoБЂ™s library. It is unusual to see ShackleБЂ™s work mentioned at all, and I had to buy his books from secondhand dealers in London. Legions of empirical psychologists of the heuristics and biases school have shown that the model of rational behavior under uncertainty is not just grossly inaccurate but plain wrong as a description of reality. Their results also bother Platonified economists because they reveal that there are several ways to be irrational. Tolstoy said that happy families were all alike, while each unhappy one is unhappy in its own way ...»